1、 A kind of embroidery
A kind of embroidery, also known as "spinning". It is a kind of decorative hollow product made of cotton, hemp, silk or various fabrics by embroidery or weaving. It is said that it was introduced into China from Europe in the late Qing Dynasty. As early as the 4TH-5TH century A.D. in ancient Egyptian tombs, there were similar drawnwork lace and embroidery lace. Medieval European lace production was concentrated in monasteries. In the 15th century, Italy, Belgium and France all developed lace production. The 17th century is the prosperous period of European lace production, Venice lace is famous in the world. In the 19th century, the British invented the lace loom and the machine-made lace came out, which led to the decline of European hand lace. At the end of the 19th century, European lace was introduced to China. Ding mamoran, an Irish missionary, set up Peizhen women's school in Yantai, Shandong Province, to teach lace skills. It refers to the articles of daily use embroidered and knitted with spun yarn. The varieties include "pick and mend flowers", "carve and embroider", "net buckle", etc. Most of the colors are white, light yellow, beige, light green and light blue. Suitable for tablecloth, bedspread, pillowcase, cushion, handkerchief and tea pad, etc. The main producing areas are Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. See drawing.
2、 Cotton lace
Cotton lace is also known as: pure cotton lace, woven lace, cotton lace, cotton lace. Cotton yarn lace materials are mainly cotton yarn, cotton yarn has two kinds of glazing and non glazing. According to the professional standards, its specifications are as follows: 4 and 6 strands of 42 yarns, 4 and 6 strands of 60 yarns, white wax light tower lines, etc... Its models are S424, s426, s604 and s606, which can also be recorded as 42s / 4, 42s / 6, 60s / 4 and 60s / 6, where s represents the yarn support and the number under the diagonal represents the number of strands; cotton yarn can be divided into bobbin yarn and hank yarn according to different purposes.
"Disc machine" is the main production machine of cotton lace. At present, the main specifications are 64 spindle, 96 spindle and 128 spindle. The working principle of the disc machine is running nail knitting. It uses cotton yarn as the main raw material. The disc machine also uses natural yarn such as cotton, hemp, wool, silk and chemical fiber thread, chemical fiber, gold and silver silk, human silk, fancy thread, core wrapping thread, gold and green onion, silver and green onion, ribbon rope.. Cotton lace is made of high-quality cotton yarn, with high color fastness, fine workmanship, soft hand feel and novel pattern. It is widely used in bra, underwear, pajamas, fashion, bedding, socks, umbrellas and toy crafts.
3、 Ribbon fabric for decoration
There are all kinds of patterns, as decorative ribbon fabrics, used as fillets or edging for various clothing, curtains, tablecloths, bedspreads, pillowcases, etc. Lace can be divided into four categories: woven, knitted, embroidered and knitted. The lace interweaved by silk and yarn is often used by ethnic minorities in China, so it is also called ethnic lace. Patterns are usually auspicious. The texture of woven lace is compact, the pattern is three-dimensional and the color is rich. Knitted lace has loose organization, obvious eyelet, light and elegant appearance. There is no limit to the number of embroidery lace colors, which can make complex patterns. The knitting lace is made of lace machine and also hand woven.
4、 China's lace
China's lace industry started relatively late. Before the 1980s, the machines used to weave lace were mainly imported from foreign countries. In the early 1990s, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, absorbed the characteristics of foreign machines and independently developed the first lace machine in China based on the actual situation in China, and passed Shenzhen Wenyi lace factory, As a pilot unit, China's lace machine import problem has since ended.
5、 Lace making
The United States was the first country to have lace. Making is a rather complicated process. Unlike traditional hook making or embroidery, the book is made of silk thread or yarn according to the pattern effect. When making, the silk thread needs to be laid on a small shuttle. Each shuttle is the size of a thumb. A less complicated pattern requires dozens or nearly a hundred of such small shuttles, and a larger pattern requires hundreds of small shuttles. When making, put the pattern on the bottom, and use different weaving, knot, winding and other methods to make the pattern.
6、 Jacquard lace
Jacquard, Joseph Marie (1752-1834), French loom craftsman, and the main reformer of jacquard machine. In the early 18th century, buxiong, a French craftsman, created a paper hole jacquard based on the principle of the ancient Chinese manual jacquard machine for carrying flowers and knots. He used paper tape to drill holes and control the thimble to penetrate, replacing the warp and thread organization points on the flower book. After the improvement of falcon, waukonson and so on, it can produce 600 stitches of large pattern fabric. In 1799, jacquard made a complete set of pattern plate transmission mechanism, equipped with a more perfect foot type jacquard machine, which can weave more than 600 large patterns with only one person's operation. The jacquard won the bronze medal at the Paris exhibition in 1801. The mechanism is characterized in that the paper belt is replaced by the pattern board of lace lifting, i.e. the punched card, which drives a certain sequence of thimble hooks through the transmission parts, and the warp thread is weaved according to the pattern organization and coordinated action. After 1860, steam power was used instead of foot drive to become automatic jacquard machine. Later, it was widely spread all over the world and started by electric motor. In order to commemorate the contribution of jacquard, this kind of jacquard is called jacquard.
There are two kinds of lace: bangmallet lace, Qingzhou mansion lace, flat embroidery, Shuttle lace, Jimo lace, hand lace, baidaili lace, embroidery lace, knitting lace, machine-made lace. Qingzhou mansion lace is divided into two kinds: full-time lace and patchwork lace. With cotton thread as raw material, man-made lace is weaved into various patterns by means of flat weaving, separated weaving, thin weaving and dense weaving, which has the overall artistic effect of openwork. Inlaid lace
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