The utility model relates to a decorative hollow product which is made of cotton thread, hemp thread, silk thread or various fabrics and is embroidered or woven. In China, it is commonly known as spinning.
In the tombs of ancient Egypt from the 4th to the 5th century A.D., there were similar embroidery lace and embroidery lace. This kind of lace is also found in ancient Peruvian cultural relics. In the middle ages, European lace production was concentrated in monasteries, and the products were used for altar decoration and monk clothes. After the Renaissance, lace production generally developed. In the paintings of Italy, Belgium and France in the 15th century, it can be seen that the edge of figure clothing and chair cushion is inlaid with delicate narrow lace. In the 16th century, Italy, Germany and France all produced needlework. In this period, the main patterns of needlework lace are scroll leaf pattern and flower pattern. In the 1920s, the production of lace in Germany was more popular, and books and periodicals about the pattern of net lace were published. In 1542, Italy published the first sample of embroidery and lace patterns. In the 16th century, Belgians and northern France developed a new kind of lace for winding pipes (i.e. club and mallet lace). The 17th century was a prosperous period of lace production in Europe. After 1650, the needlework lace in Venice, Italy, was famous for its fine labor and high price. In France, during the Louis XIV period (1643-1714), J.B. Colbert, the Minister of state, invited lace artists from Italy and Belgium to teach skills, and produced light French lace in cities such as saidang. In the 18th century, French and Belgian lace were characterized by light weight and exquisiteness. In the 19th century, there were institutional frills in Europe. In 1813, the lace loom was invented by J. rivers of England. After 1840, the performance of lace loom has been quite perfect, which has affected the production of hand lace. At that time, there was a process of imitating venetian lace with crochet in Ireland, which was called crochet lace. Since the 19th century, the production of European lace has gradually declined. The origin of handmade lace has shifted to China, Turkey, Sri Lanka in Asia, Paraguay, Brazil in Latin America and other countries. After the first World War, except for a few lace products for exhibition in Europe that were made by hand, the production of hand lace almost stopped, and machine-made lace became the main variety.
China's lace production was introduced from Europe in the late 19th century. In 1885, there was lace production in Xiamen, Fujian Province. In 1896, J. mamoran, an Irish missionary, opened Peizhen women's school in Yantai, Shandong Province, to teach the art of lace. Since then, lace production in Shanghai, Yantai, Ningbo, Shantou and other places has gradually developed. Products are exported to the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada and other countries. In the 1920s, Chinese lace once dominated the European market. After the Second World War, due to the interruption of foreign trade, China's lace production was affected. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, lace production has recovered and developed rapidly, covering many provinces and cities in the north and south, including Yantai, Weihai, Qingdao and Weifang in Shandong Province, Changshu, Zhangjiagang, Wuxian and Nantong in Jiangsu Province, Xiaoshan, Shaoxing, Taizhou and Wenzhou in Zhejiang Province, and Chaozhou and Shantou in Guangdong Province. Lace is the main category and export product of China's arts and crafts. It is sold to more than 100 countries and regions. In 1987, its export exchange was more than 3 billion US dollars.
Classified lace can be divided into five categories: Needlework lace, mallet lace, knitting lace, mixed lace and mechanism lace.
① Embroidery lace: lace embroidered with embroidery needle lead. According to the needlework, it can be divided into ten thousand thread, embroidery lace, drawnwork lace, color embroidery lace and other varieties. The colorful flat embroidery lace is a kind of lace which is made of colorful silk thread and embroidered on the bottom cloth with the traditional Chinese embroidery needle method. It also integrates the techniques of mending, picking flowers and the techniques of strangling, twisting, wrapping and locking in the lace. Wuxian County, Jiangsu, Beijing, Chaozhou, Guangdong, Shantou and Rongcheng, Shandong are the main producing areas.
② Club mallet Lace: a lace made of cotton thread and hemp thread as raw materials and wooden mallet as winding tool. The lace drawing is twisted and tangled on the straw mat with a pin. Mainly produced in Yidu and Yantai, Shandong Province.
③ Knitting lace: the lace is woven with cotton thread and hemp thread as raw materials and shuttle, crochet and bar needle as tools. According to tools and weaving methods, it can be divided into Shuttle lace, mesh lace, crochet lace, needle knot lace and other varieties. Needlework lace is a kind of lace that starts with a crochet and is knitted with four bar needles. Mainly produced in Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province.
④ Mixed Lace: lace made by mixing and inlaying various lace. There are many ways to match and inlay, such as the match and inlay of 10000 wisps of silk and colorful flat embroidery lace, the match and inlay of lace with cotton and linen materials, or the separation of lace and cotton and linen materials into square, diamond and Begonia shaped square continuous patterns, known as the match. Shandong Jimo lace is a kind of mixed lace which is made of ten thousand wisps of silk and linen color embroidery lace.
⑤ Machine made lace: lace woven on a lace loom. This kind of lace mainly includes organic woven lace, knitted lace, machine-made embroidery lace and machine-made woven lace.
In addition to the above classification, China's lace industry is divided into two categories: Needlework lace and knitting lace. Needlework lace is a kind of lace embroidered on fabric, including carving embroidery lace, buttonhole lace, color flat embroidery lace and other varieties. Knitting lace is a kind of lace which is directly woven with thread without fabric, including ten thousand thread, mallet lace, Shuttle lace, net lace, crochet lace, etc.
The production is divided into three major processes: the first process, embroidery (or knitting), and ironing. ① Previous process: mainly including pattern design, drawing patterns and colors; according to the pattern design, calculate and equip all the required products
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